AnIMoMat Project: Image Analysis Using Mathematical Morphology Tools

 

Gerald Jean Francis Banon INPE banon@dpi.inpe.br

Sergio Donizete Faria INPE faria@dpi.inpe.br

Ana Lúcia Bezerra Candeias INPE analucia@dpi.inpe.br

João Ricardo de Freitas Oliveira INPE joao@dpi.inpe.br

Eric Menu INPE -

Marco Antonio C. Pessoa INPE -

Junior Barrera USP jb@ime.usp.br

Italo Romani de Oliveira USP romani@ime.usp.br

Ronaldo Fumio Hashimoto USP ronaldo@ime.usp.br

Guillermo P. Salas USP -

Roberto Hirata Junior USP hirata@ime.usp.br

Hae Yong Kim USP -

Nina Sumiko Tomita USP nina@ime.usp.br

Francisco de Assis Zampirolli USP zampirol@ime.usp.br

Roberto de Alencar Lotufo UNICAMP lotufo@dca.fee.unicamp.br

Tony Taquemasa UNICAMP tony@dca.fee.unicamp.br

Eduardo Trettel UNICAMP trettel@dca.fee.unicamp.br

Mauro Tatibana UNICAMP tatibana@dca.fee.unicamp.br

Gustavo Aratani UNICAMP -

Jacques Facon CEFET facon@rla01.pucpr.br

Falvio Bortolozzi CEFET fborto@dainf.cefetpr.br

Altair Olivo Santin CEFET santin@dainf.cefetpr.br

Rubens Martins Vianna Júnior CEFET -

Ascendino Flavio Dias e Silva UFPe 13afds@npd.ufpe.br

Ulisses de Mendonca Braga Neto UFPe -

Virginia Dutra Valenca UFPe -

Ailton Cruz dos Santos UFAl ailton@mundau.dcc.ufal.br

Josue Barbosa dos Santos UFAl -

Nelson Delfino d'Ávila Mascarenhas UFSCar nelson@power.ufscar.br

Marcos Luiz Mucheroni UFSCar dmlm@power.ufscar.br

Jander Moreira UFSCar jander@dc.ufscar.br

Vinicius F. de Souza UFSCar g120308@power.ufscar.br

Fransergio Evaristo Vieira UFSCar franserg@dc.ufscar.br

Rodney Americo dos Reis Junior UFSCar -

 

 

Institutions

INPE: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais

Divisão de Processamento de Imagens

CP 515

12.201-970, São José dos Campos, SP

 

USP: Universidade de São Paulo

Instituto de Matemática e Estatística

Rua do matão, 1010

05.508-900, São Paulo, SP

 

UNICAMP: Universidade Estadual de Campinas

Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação

Departamento de Engenharia de Computação e Automação Industrial

CP 6101

12.083-970, Campinas, SP

 

CEFET: Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Paraná

CPGEI

Av. Sete Setembro, 3165

80.230-901, Curitiba, Pr

 

UFPe: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Centro de Tecnologia

Departamento de Eletrônica e Sistemas

Campus Universitário

50.711-970, Recife, Pe

 

UFAl: Universidade Federal de Alagoas

Departamento de Matemática Aplicada

Campus A.C. Simões

Cidade Universitária

57.072-970, Maceió, Al

 

UFSCar: Universidade Federal de São Carlos

Departamento de Computação

Via Washington Luis, km 235

CP 676

Cidade Universitária

13.565-905, São Carlos, SP

Abstract

An overview of the AnIMoMat Project results is presented. The theoretical results are on characterization, representation, decomposition, and automatic design of operators between lattices. The software product, called MMach, consists of several versions of a toolbox for digital image analysis. The tools include the automatic image operator design. The application results cover the areas of Art, Astronomy, Biology, Cartography, Industrial Inspection, Material Science, Medicine, Remote Sensing, and Vision.

Keywords: image processing, image analysis, mathematical morphology, segmentation.

Introduction

Mathematical Morphology is a non-linear approach to image processing and analysis. It was invented in the sixties at Paris School of Mines and is based on the algebraic structure of lattice.

In Brazil, the study of Mathematical Morphology began in 1984 at the Image Processing Department of INPE, the National Institute for Space Research. In 1989 a first application to remote sensing image filtering was published in the Photogrammetria journal.

From 1992 to 1995 this research area was sponsored by FAPESP through a Thematic Project on Remote Sensing Image Processing. It was at that time that the Brazilian research group began to spread over other academic institutions in São Paulo State.

From February 2, 1995 to November 23, 1997, CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) sponsored through ProTeM-CC (Programa Temático Multi-institucional em Ciência da Computação) the AnIMomat Project (Proc. no 680067/94-9) on Image Analysis using Mathematical Morphology Tools.

The AnIMoMat project major objective was the morphological tool design and its application to digital image analysis. In this paper, we give an overview of the work that has been done by 33 participants from seven institutions in four Brazilian states during the three-year project.

In the first part, we present a global result evaluation and in the second part, we link the work done with the originally defined tasks. Finally, in the end note, we give an exhaustive list of the pieces of work supported by the project.

Global result evaluation

During the three-year project, the major activities consisted of theoretical research, computational tool implementation and image analysis applications. These activities resulted in a lot of publications in journals and conference proceedings. Furthermore, nine theses were presented.

The list of these publications is given in the Reference section and is summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 - Publication distribution over 1995, 1996 and 1997.

published 1st year

published 2nd year

published 3rd year

submitted 3rd year

total

Masters Thesis

 

4

4

 

8

Ph.D. Thesis

 

 

1

 

1

Book

 

1

 

 

1

Proceedings

 

2

1

 

3

Journal Paper

 

1

2

3

6

Paper in Book

 

2

 

4

6

Chapter in Book

 

 

 

2

2

Paper in National Conference

1

6

5

 

12

Paper in International Conference

4

3

2

 

9

Communication in Workshop

3

20

9

 

32

Report

2

2

1

 

5

Manual

 

 

2

 

2

Web Publication

4

8

2

 

14

TOTAL

14

49

29

9

101

As shown in Table 1, one third of the publications are communications in workshops. Actually, CNPq sponsored three workshops, one per year. These workshops gathered the project participants, people from the scientific Brazilian community and invited researchers from abroad. Two of the three proceedings appearing in Table 1 contain the material of the 96 and 97 Workshops. Both of these proceedings have been posted on the Web.

Furthermore, among the 101 pieces of work of Table 1, 77 have been deposited in a Digital Library (named URLib) which collection is posted on the Web. The complete material of these publications can be accessed from any of the sites having an URLib local collection by clicking the "Search" word and filling in the form with the name (for example: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/09.19.09.44>) of the repository containing the work of interest.

At the time we wrote this paper, some possible sites were:

http://hermes.dpi.inpe.br:1907

http://chips.ime.usp.br:1905

http://pajussara.dca.fee.unicamp.br:1905

Two important publications are, a Masters Thesis on character recognition [Tomita:1996:PAM] which has been awarded by the Brazilian Computing Society (SBC) and a Ph.D. Thesis [Candeias:1997:AMM] on remote sensing image analysis. Besides, one book dedicated to Mathematical Morphology has been published in Portuguese [Facon:1996:MMT].

The major theoretical contributions have been in the area of characterization of the elementary operators (erosions, dilations, erosions, anti-dilations and anti-erosions) and in the area of automatic operator design.

In the first area, three equivalent characterizations have been introduced for translation invariant operators defined on gray-scale images [Banon:1995:CTI, Banon:1995:CTE].

In the second area, the operator design was done from pairs of images. Figure 1 gives an example of a pair of images.

     
Figure 1 - A pair of images (source: Oliveira:1997:UAG)

In Figure 1, the right image is a filtered copy of the left noisy image. By using automatic operator design techniques on this pair of images, we are able to obtain an operator that can act as a filter. Applying this operator to the left image of Figure 2, we get, for example, the right image.

     
Figure 2 - An input/output pair of a designed filter (source: Oliveira:1997:UAG)

A first approach to automatic operator design consists of establishing a statistical optimization model in the operator space [BarreraDoug::RGW, BarreraDougHira:1998:ADO, TomitaBarr:1996:PAM, BarreraTeraSilvTomi:1996:APM, BarreraTomiCorrTera:1995:APB, CorreaBarrTera:1996:SCL, DoughertyBarr:1996:MPL, DoughertyBarr:1998:NLFB, DoughertyBarr:1998:BOF, DoughertyBarr:1998:NLFG, DoughertyBarr::PID].

Another approach consists of using genetic algorithms [Oliveira:1997:UAG]. Actually, the filtered image of Figure 2 is the output of an operator obtained by using this second approach.

Close to the problem of operator design is the problem of transforming a serial representation of an operator into its parallel representation. Important contributions based on an interval algebra have been made to solve this problem and can be found in [Salas:1996:OCI, BarreraFerrHash::AGS, BarreraHash::CRW, BarreraSala:1995:SOC, BarreraSala:1996:SOC, BarreraSalaHash:1996:SOC].

With respect to software development, new versions of a toolbox for the design and application of mathematical morphology operators have been implemented. The software, named MMach for Mathematical Machine, was developed by the groups of Professor Barrera from USP and Professor Lotufo from UNICAMP and has been very well accepted by the international scientific community. Nowadays, the MMach has users all over the world, in universities as well as in research centers [BarreraBanoLotu:1995:MMT, BarreraBanoLotuHira::MMM, LotufoBarrBano:1995:M12, LotufoZampHiraBarr::MFM, BarreraHira:1997:FAC].

In one of the MMach version [Zampirolli:1997:TMM], the elementary operators have been constructed to transform images represented as a set of connected components. Figure 3 illustrates the effect of a dilation.


Figure 3 - Dilation on graph (source: Zampirolli:1997:TMM)

The color image of this figure is the result of the gray-scale image segmentation. The middle image shows a graph for the color image. The last two images are, respectively, the input and output of a dilation based on this graph.

One of the most interesting applications using MMach automatic programming has been in the synthesis of an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) prototype that transforms a text image obtained from a scanner into a RTF (Rich Text Format) formatted file [BarreraSalaHash:1996:SOC]. This application is a good illustration of image segmentation and pattern recognition.

The MMach tools have been used extensively to develop morphological applications to image analysis. Some of the major applications have been compiled and have resulted in an hypertext posted on the Web [Banon:1997:MMA]. In this document we can find application examples in the areas of Art, Astronomy, Biology, Cartography, Industrial Inspection, Material Science, Medicine, Remote Sensing, and Vision.

Two indirect results of the AnIMoMat project have been first, the increasing interest for Mathematical Morphology in Brazil, as can be seen in Table 2, and second, the creation of a collection of Web sites dedicated to scientific contributions in the area.

Table 2 shows Brazil at the fifth place just after France where Mathematical Morphology began in the sixties.

The bibliographic references spread over several Web sites have been automatically compiled to form a so-called Bibliographical Mirror deposited in the URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/12.08.18.02>. At the present time, almost 900 entries can be found in the Mirror and they can be searched through keywords.

Ultimately, contacts have been made between France and Brazil to organize a common bibliographic database in Mathematical Morphology in order to enrich the current database.

 

Table 2 - NedStat statistics for the "Mathematical Morphology Digest"

Page-views according to origin.

Statistics from December 21, 1996 to September 17, 1997.

Total number of page-views: 1735.

(Dutch language).

 

1.

VS Onderwijs

192

11.07 %

 

31.

Zuid-Afrika

6

0.35 %

2.

Nederland

183

10.55 %

 

32.

Tsjechië

6

0.35 %

3.

VS Commercieel

154

8.88 %

 

33.

Groot Britannië

6

0.35 %

4.

Frankrijk

112

6.46 %

 

34.

Finland

5

0.29 %

5.

Brazilië

110

6.34 %

 

35.

Hongarije

5

0.29 %

6.

Hong Kong

77

4.44 %

 

36.

Ierland

5

0.29 %

7.

Duitsland

75

4.32 %

 

37.

Taiwan

4

0.23 %

8.

Australië

70

4.03 %

 

38.

Denemarken

4

0.23 %

9.

Netwerk

66

3.8 %

 

39.

India

4

0.23 %

10.

Japan

61

3.52 %

 

40.

Indonesië

4

0.23 %

11.

Spanje

59

3.4 %

 

41.

Verenigde Staten

3

0.17 %

12.

Verenigd Koninkrijk

46

2.65 %

 

42.

Egypte

2

0.12 %

13.

Russische Federatie

34

1.96 %

 

43.

Nieuw Zeeland

2

0.12 %

14.

Canada

33

1.9 %

 

44.

Turkije

2

0.12 %

15.

Zweden

26

1.5 %

 

45.

Oostenrijk

2

0.12 %

16.

België

24

1.38 %

 

46.

Costa Rica

1

0.06 %

17.

Mexico

24

1.38 %

 

47.

Colombia

1

0.06 %

18.

Zuid-Korea

22

1.27 %

 

48.

Maleisië

1

0.06 %

19.

VS Overheid

21

1.21 %

 

49.

Estland

1

0.06 %

20.

Italië

19

1.1 %

 

50.

Argentinië

1

0.06 %

21.

Portugal

18

1.04 %

 

51.

Zwitserland

1

0.06 %

22.

Polen

14

0.81 %

 

52.

Puerto Rico

1

0.06 %

24.

Singapore

13

0.75 %

 

54.

Roemenië

1

0.06 %

25.

Joegoslavië

11

0.63 %

 

55.

Voormalige USSR

1

0.06 %

26.

Griekenland

10

0.58 %

 

56.

Thailand

1

0.06 %

27.

VS Militair

10

0.58 %

 

57.

Koeweit

1

0.06 %

28.

Israel

10

0.58 %

 

58.

Venezuela

1

0.06 %

29.

Noorwegen

8

0.46 %

 

 

Onbekend

139

8.01 %

30.

China

8

0.46 %

 

Task evaluation

To achieve the project objective, a set of tasks were carried out. Table 3 shows some of them and their resulting work references. The task number is the one defined at project submission time. Numbers beginning with 1 refer to theoretical task, 2 to implementation task, and 3 to application task.

Table 3 - Task versus work reference.

Task

Reference

1.1 Operator Characterization, Representation and Decomposition

Banon:1995:CDF Banon:1995:CTE Banon:1995:CTI Banon:1996:SFO BarreraDoug::RGW BarreraHash::CRW

1.2 Automatic Operator Design

BarreraDougHira:1998:ADO BarreraDougTomi:1997:APB BarreraDoug::RGW CorreaBarrTera:1996:SCL DoughertyBarr:1996:MPL DoughertyBarr:1998:BOF DoughertyBarr:1998:NLFB DoughertyBarr:1998:NLFG DoughertyBarr::PID Oliveira:1997:UAG TomitaBarr:1996:PAM

2.1 MMach 1.2 Implementation

BarreraBanoLotu:1995:MMT LotufoBarrBano:1995:M12

2.2 MMach 2.0 Implementation

LotufoTret:1996:HSM

2.3 MMach 2.1 Implementation

Hirata:1996:FAC

2.5 Granulometry

LotufoTret:1996:III LotufoTret:1996:ISI

2.6 Segmentation

Hirata:1997:SIM HirataBarrLotu:1997:TIS Lotufo:1997:MMK

2.7 MMach 2.2 Implementation

BarreraBanoLotuHira::MMM BarreraHira:1997:FAC BarreraZampLotu:1997:MOC Lotufo:1996:CDM LotufoZampHiraBarr::MFM SantosSant:1996:CBK TaquemasaLotu:1996:ADT

2.8 Operator Design Implementation

Barrera:1997:APM BarreraFerrHash::AGS BarreraHash::CRW BarreraSala:1995:SOC BarreraSala:1996:SOC BarreraSalaHash:1996:SOC BarreraTeraSilvTomi:1996:APM BarreraTomiCorrTera:1995:APB Salas:1996:OCI

3.1 Drainage Segmentation

Candeias:1996:DNE

3.2 Cloud Segmentation

Candeias:1997:AMM

3.3 Control Point Identification

BanonFari:1997:MAT Faria:1997:AMC

3.6 Malignant Non-Hodgkins Lymphomas Analysis

Weber:1997:APC WeberFaco:1997:CMA

3.11 People Segmentation

MoreiraViei:1996:ISP MoreiraViei:1996:UFM

3.12 Character Recognition

BarreraSalaHash:1996:SOC BarreraSilvZampTomiHiraTera:1997:OMO Tomita:1996:LPC

3.13 PCB Inspection

Jamur:1996:PSP JamurFaco:1997:WSP TatibanaLotu:1997:NAP

3.14 Porous Media 3D Analysis

Braga_NetoLotu:1995:MMT

3.16 Left Ventricle Contour Detection

GarconBartFaco:1996:CDF

3.17 Hyphae Segmentation and Measurement

MucheroniReis:1995:MCF MucheroniReis:1996:EMH

 

Next, we make comments about some of the tasks listed in Table 3.

Task 2.1 is a MMach implementation for KHOROS 2.0. Tasks 2.2 and 2.3 are, respectively, a MMach extended implementation for KHOROS 1.5 and KHOROS 2.0. These implementations were used for a short course during the 95 Brazilian Workshop at UNICAMP and the 96 Brazilian Workshop at USP.

Task 2.6 consisted of a Tutorial on Image Segmentation with KHOROS at the 97 Khoros Conference.

Task 2.7 is the last implementation of the MMach: version 2.2 (for KHOROS 2.0). A manual was written and a short course on Mathematical Morphology with KHOROS 2.1 and MMachLib was given during the 97 Brazilian Workshop at INPE. This task ended with the publication of a paper in the Journal of Electronic Imaging.

Task 3.1 and 3.2 on drainage and cloud segmentation is part of the Ph.D. Thesis by Ana Lúcia Bezerra Candeias.

Task 3.13, on PCB inspection, was carried out by UNICAMP and CEFET. The work by UNICAMP made use of connectivity and influence zone concepts.

Task 3.14 on porous media made use of 3D watershed and is pioneering in Brazil.

The work by Nelson Delfino A. Mascarenhas on Material Science [AylaMasc:1997:SIC, MascarenhasSouzJorg:1996:AMS, MascarenhasSouzJorg:1996:EAT] does not appear in Table 3 because Dr. Mascarenhas joined the project after its submission.

Conclusion

The AnIMoMat project results show that Brazil has made a good investment in the direction of image analysis. They place Brazil among the countries that have contributed the most in the area of Mathematical Morphology and that has made the country a candidate for hosting one of the next International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology (ISMM).

Acknowledgements

The AnIMoMat participants are very grateful to CNPq-DPE/CTIN who supported their project within the ProTeM-CC (Phase II).

References

1. AstolaBarr:1996:EI
Astola, J. T.; Barrera, J. eds.  Electronic Imaging - Special Section on Non Linear Image Processing. 1996.

2. AylaMasc:1997:SIC
Ayala, E. O.; Mascarenhas, N. D. A.  Segmentação de Imagens de Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais Usando Técnicas de Morfologia Matemática.  In: Anais do V Congresso de Iniciação Científica da UFSCar, 1997. p. 9.

3. Banon::PAP
Banon, G. J. F.  Projeto AnIMoMat do ProTeM-CC/CNPq.  CP 515, 12 210-970, São José dos Campos, SP: INPE/DPI.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/09.19.09.44>.

4. Banon:1995:CTI
Banon, G. J. F.  Characterization of translation invariant elementary operators for gray-level morphology.  In: Neural, Morphological, and Stochastic Methods in Image and Signal Processing, 1995.  SPIE, P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, WA 98227-0010: SPIE, p. 68-79.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1997/09.22.18.06>.

5. Banon:1995:CTE
Banon, G. J. F.  Characterization of translation-invariant elementary morphological operators between gray-level images.  CP 515, 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, 1995.  (INPE-5616-RPQ/671).  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/10.20.17.45>.

6. Banon:1995:CDF
Banon, G. J. F.  Constructive decomposition of fuzzy measures in terms of possibility or necessity measures.  In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Fuzzy Systems Association, IFSA, World Congress, 1995. v. 1, p. 217-220.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/09.01.10.50>.

7. Banon:1995:LMO
Banon, G. J. F.  Linear and morphological operator characterization.  1995.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/10.25.16.57>.

8. Banon:1995:NAM
Banon, G. J. F.  A non-linear approach: the Mathematical Morphology.  1995.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1997/02.26.10.32>.

9. Banon:1996:BWM
Banon, G. J. F. ed.  Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology.  CP 515, 12201-970, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 1996.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/11.22.16.10>.

10. Banon:1996:EMD
Banon, G. J. F.  Example of morphological decomposition of binary image defined on rectangular grid.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/07.11.11.53>.

11. Banon:1996:SFO
Banon, G. J. F.  Set and function operator decomposition.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.12.16.13>.

12. Banon:1996:TTD
Banon, G. J. F.  Thinning and thickening definitions for gray-level images.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/07.03.09.41>.

13. Banon:1997:BWM
Banon, G. J. F. ed.  Brazilian Workshop'97 on Mathematical Morphology.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 1997.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/10.18.10.29>.

14. Banon:1997:MMA
Banon, G. J. F.  Mathematical morphology application examples.  1997.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/07.03.19.01>.

15. Banon:1997:MDE
Banon, G. J. F.  Morphological decomposition of extreme gray-level location operators.  In: Brazilian Workshop'97 on Mathematical Morphology, 1997.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1997/01.30.14.02>.

16. BanonFari:1997:MAT
Banon, G. J. F.; Faria, S. D.  Morphological approach for template matching.  In: SIBGRAPI'97 - X Brazilian Symposium of Computer Graphic and Image Processing, 1997.  10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P.O. Box 3014, Los Alamitos, CA 90720-1314: IEEE Computer Society, p. 171-178.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1997/05.23.15.08>.

17. Barrera:1997:APM
Barrera, J.  Automatic programming of MMach's by statistical optimization.  In: Brazilian Workshop'97 on Mathematical Morphology, 1997.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/12.05.18.07>.

18. BarreraBanoLotuHira::MMM
Barrera, J.; Banon, G. F.; Lotufo, R. A.; Hirata Junior, R.  MMach: a mathematical morphology toolbox for the KHOROS system.  Submitted to Journal of Electronic Imaging,  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/hirata/1997/09.17.12.00>.

19. BarreraBanoLotu:1995:MMT
Barrera, J.; Banon, G. J. F.; Lotufo, R. A.  A Mathematical Morphology Toolbox for the KHOROS System: Specifications for version 1.2b.  1995.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.03.14.02>.

20. BarreraDoug::RGW
Barrera, J.; Dougherty, E. R.  Representation of Gray-Scale Windowed Operators.  In: Heijmans, H. ed.  Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

21. BarreraDougHira:1998:ADO
Barrera, J.; Dougherty, E. R.; Junior, N. S. T. H.  Automatic design of optimal morphological operators using prior filters.  Special issue on Mathematical Morphology, edited by Jeulin and Chermant, of the journal Acta Steriologica, 1998.

22. BarreraDougTomi:1997:APB
Barrera, J.; Dougherty, E. R.; Tomita, N. S.  Automatic programming of binary morphological machines by design of statistically optimal operators in the context of computational learning theory.  Journal of Electronic Imaging, v. 6, n. 1, p. 54-67, January 1997.

23. BarreraFerrHash::AGS
Barrera, J.; Ferreira, C. E.; Hashimoto, R. F.  Automatic generation of sequential decompositions of dilations and erosions.  In: Heijmans, H. ed.  Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

24. BarreraHash::CRW
Barrera, J.; Hashimoto, R. F.  Compact representation of W-operators.  In: Heijmans, H. ed.  Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

25. BarreraHashFerr:1997:SDM
Barrera, J.; Hashimoto, R. F.; Ferreira, C. E.  Set decomposition by Minkowski addition.  In: Brazilian Workshop'97 on Mathematical Morphology, 1997.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/12.05.18.20>.

26. BarreraHira:1997:FAC
Barrera, J.; Junior, R. H.  Fast algorithms to compute the elementary operators of mathematical morphology.  In: SIBGRAPI'97 - X Brazilian Symposium of Computer Graphic and Image Processing, 1997.  10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P.O. Box 3014, Los Alamitos, CA 90720-1314: IEEE Computer Society, p. 163-170.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1997/10.03.09.49>.

27. BarreraHira:1997:FAC
Barrera, J.; Junior, R. H.  Fast algorithms to compute the elementary operators of mathematical morphology.  In: Brazilian Workshop'97 on Mathematical Morphology, 1997.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/12.05.15.12>.

28. BarreraSala:1995:SOC
Barrera, J.; Salas, G. P.  Set operations on collections of closed intervals and their applications to the Automatic Programming of Morphological Machines. Departamento de Ciencia da Computacao Instituto de matematica e Estatistica da USP, 1995.  (RT-MAC-9513).  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.04.13.21>.

29. BarreraSala:1996:SOC
Barrera, J.; Salas, G. P.  Set operations on collections of closed intervals and their applications to the automatic programming of morphological machines.  Journal of Electronic Imaging, v. 5, n. 3, p. 335-352, July 1996.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.19.16.01>.

30. BarreraSalaHash:1996:SOC
Barrera, J.; Salas, G. P.; Hashimoto, R. F.  Set operations on closed intervals and their applications to the automatic programming of MMach's.  In: Maragos, P., Schafer, R. W., and Butt, M. A. eds.  Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.  p. 377-384.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/03.27.18.32>.

31. BarreraSalaHash:1996:SOC
Barrera, J.; Salas, G. P.; Hashimoto, R. F.  Set operations on closed intervals and their applications to the automatic programming of Morphological Machines.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/03.12.16.41>.

32. BarreraSilvZampiTomiHiraTera:1997:OMO
Barrera, J.; Silva, F. S.; Zampirolli, F.; Tomita, N. S.; Junior, R. H.; Terada, R.  An OCR based on morphological operators.  In: Brazilian Workshop'97 on Mathematical Morphology, 1997.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/12.05.15.38>.

33. BarreraTeraHira:1997:APM
Barrera, J.; Terada, R.; Junior, R. H.  Automatic programming of morphological machines by PAC learning.  Fundamenta Informatikae - special issue on Mathematical Morphology, edited by Heijmans and Goutsias, 1997.

34. BarreraTeraSilvTomi:1996:APM
Barrera, J.; Terada, R.; Silva, F. S. C. d.; Tomita, N. S.  Automatic Programming of morphological machines for OCR.  In: Maragos, P., Schafer, R. W., and Butt, M. A. eds.  Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.  p. 385-392.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/03.28.10.44>.

35. BarreraTomiCorrTera:1995:APB
Barrera, J.; Tomita, N. S.; Silva, F. S. C. d.; Terada, R.  Automatic programming of binary morphological machines by PAC learning.  In: Neural, Morphological, and Stochastic Methods in Image and Signal Processing, 1995.  San Diego, California: SPIE, p. 233-244.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.03.20.49>.

36. BarreraZampiLotu:1997:MOC
Barrera, J.; Zampirolli, F. A.; Lotufo, R. A.  Morphological operators characterized by neighborhood graphs.  In: SIBGRAPI'97 - X Brazilian Symposium of Computer Graphic and Image Processing, 1997.  10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P.O. Box 3014, Los Alamitos, CA 90720-1314: IEEE Computer Society, p. 179-186.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1997/10.03.10.21>.

37. Candeias:1995:SIR
Candeias, A. L. B.  SPOT Image Restoration.  1995.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/analucia/1995/12.20.11.19>.

38. Candeias:1995:VPN
Candeias, A. L. B.  Visual program for NOAA image restoration using mathematical morphology.  1995.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/analucia/1995/10.05.16.05>.

39. Candeias:1996:DNE
Candeias, A. L. B.  Drainage Network Extraction from a SAREX'92 RADAR image.  In: SIBIGRAPI'96 - IX Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Gráfica e Processamento de Imagens, 1996. p. 243-250.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/analucia/1996/05.14.09.49>.

40. Candeias:1996:SRS
Candeias, A. L. B.  Some Remote Sensing Image Analysis Examples.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/analucia/1995/12.13.11.20>.

41. Candeias:1997:AMM
Candeias, A. L. B.  Aplicação da morfologia matemática à análise de imagens de sensoriamento remoto.  Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jd. da Granja 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP Brazil.  Phd Thesis - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, 1997.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/analucia/1996/10.14.12.27>.

42. CandeiasBano:1997:AMM
Candeias, A. L. B.; Banon, G. J. F.  Aplicação da Morfologia Matemática à Análise de Imagens de Sensoriamento Remoto.  CP 515, 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, 1997.  (INPE-6141-PRE/2235).  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/analucia/1997/04.10.10.00>.

43. CandeiasSous:1996:AMM
Candeias, A. L. B.; Sousa, E. B. d.  Aplicação da Morfologia Matemática na extração automática de curva de nível de carta topográfica.  In: VIII Simposio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, 1996.  URLib repository: <sid.inpe.br/deise/1999/02.01.15.39>.

44. DoughertyBarr::PID
Dougherty, E. R.; Barrera, J.  Prior information in the design of optimal binary filters.  In: Heijmans, H. ed.  Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

45. DoughertyBarr:1996:MPL
Dougherty, E. R.; Barrera, J.  Morphological paradigma for loss function-based design of morphological filters.  In: Proc. SPIE, Visual Information Processing, 1996.  Orlando, USA: v. 2753,

46. DoughertyBarr:1998:BOF
Dougherty, E. R.; Barrera, J.  Bayesian optimal filter design based on prior distributions for conditional probabilities.  Special issue on Mathematical Morphology, edited by Jeulin and Chermant, of the journal Acta Steriologica, 1998.

47. DoughertyBarr:1998:NLFB
Dougherty, E. R.; Barrera, J.  Non linear filters for image processing.  In: SPIE and IEEE Press, 1998.

48. DoughertyBarr:1998:NLFG
Dougherty, E. R.; Barrera, J.  Non linear filters for image processing.  In: SPIE and IEEE Press, 1998.

49. Facon:1996:FMB
Facon, J.  A Fast Morphological Binary Reconstruction.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.02.15.07>.

50. Facon:1996:MMT
Facon, J.  Morfologia Matemática: Teoria e Exemplos.  PUC-PR, rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, 80215-901 Curitiba, PR: Facon Jacques, 1996.

51. Faria:1997:AMC
Faria, S. D.  Uma abordagem morfológica para casamento de padrões.  Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 - Jd da Granja CEP 12227.010 São José dos Campos - SP - Brasil.  Masters Thesis - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, 1997.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/faria/1997/04.16.15.30>.

52. GarconBortFaco:1996:CDF
Garçon, S.; Bortolozzi, F.; Facon, J.  Contour Detection of the Left Ventricle Echocardiographic Images.  In: Proceedings IWISPł96, 4-7 November 1996, Manchester U.K, 1996.

53. Hashimoto:1996:TDS
Hashimoto, R. F.  Transformation of decomposition structures.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.15.17.40>.

54. Hirata:1996:FAC
Hirata Jr., R.  Fast algorithms to compute the elementary operators of mathematical morphology.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/03.13.19.39>.

55. HirataBarrLotu:1997:TIS
Hirata Jr., R.; Barrera, J.; Lotufo, R. A.  A tutorial on image segmentation via mathematical morphology with Khoros.  In: Khoros'97 proceedings, 1997. Khoral Research Inc., p. 192-206.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1997/09.22.17.35>.

56. Hirata_Junior:1996:SMM
Hirata Junior, R.  Segmentação de imagens por Morfologia Matemática. Departamento de Ciência da Computação Instituto de Matemática Estatística da USP, 1996.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.03.18.23>.

57. Hirata:1997:SIM
Hirata Junior, R.  Segmentação de Imagens por Morfologia Matemática.  Instituto de Matemática e Estatística - USP Rua do Matão 1010 Cidade Universitária - São Paulo - SP CEP 05508-900 - Brazil.  Masters Thesis - Instituto de Matemática e Estatística - USP, 1997.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/hirata/1997/09.02.16.38>.

58. Jamur:1996:PSP
Jamur, J. H. R.  Pré-processamento e segmentação de placas de circuito impresso: uma abordagem metológica.  Avenida Sete de Setembro, 3165; 80230-901, Curitiba, Pr; Brasil.  Masters Thesis - Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Paraná, 1996.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1998/01.06.13.37>.

59. JamurFaco:1997:WSP
Jamur, J. H. R.; Facon, J.  Watershed segmentation for PCboard visual inspection.  In: Brazilian Workshop'97 on Mathematical Morphology, 1997.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/12.05.17.48>.

60. Kim:1996:MOB
Kim, H. Y.  Minkowski Operations for Boundary Represented Objects.  In: Brazilian Workshop on Mathematical Morphology and its applications to image analysis, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/12.22.17.04>.

61. LotufoBarrBano:1995:M12
Lotufo, R.; Barrera, J.; Banon, G.  MMach 1.2.0: a Mathematical Morphology Toolbox for Khoros 2.0.2.  1995.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dca.fee.unicamp.br/lotufo/1996/04.19.09.36>.

62. Lotufo:1996:CDM
Lotufo, R. A.  Continuing the Development of the MMACH Toolbox.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.09.11.52>.

63. Lotufo:1997:MMK
Lotufo, R. A.  Mathematical Morphology with Khoros.  In: Khoros'97 proceedings, 1997.  URLib repository: <dca.fee.unicamp.br/lotufo/1997/08.19.17.13>.

64. Lotufo:1997:MMK
Lotufo, R. A.  Mathematical morphology with Khoros 2.1 and MMachLib.  In: Brazilian Workshop'97 on Mathematical Morphology, 1997.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1997/02.24.09.19>.

65. LotufoTret:1996:HSM
Lotufo, R. A.; Trettel, E.  Hands-on Segmentation Using Mathematical Morphology.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/04.01.18.22>.

66. LotufoTret:1996:III
Lotufo, R. A.; Trettel, E.  Integrating Intensity Information into Pattern Spectrum.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.09.09.06>.

67. LotufoTret:1996:ISI
Lotufo, R. A.; Trettel, E.  Integrating Size Information into Intensity Histogram.  In: International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  URLib repository: <dca.fee.unicamp.br/lotufo/1996/04.18.16.42>.

68. LotufoZampHiraBarr::MFM
Lotufo, R. A.; Zampirolli, F. d. A.; Junior, R. H.; Barrera, J.  MMachLib functions and MMach operators.  CP 6101, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, 13083-970, Campinas, SP: Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação - FEEC, Departamento de Engenharia de Computacao e Automação Industrial - DCA.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1997/02.21.08.23>.

69. MascarenhasSouzJorg:1996:AMS
Mascarenhas, N. D. A.; Souza, V. F. d.; Junior, A. M. J.  Analysis of Material Science Images by Mathematical Morphology.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.08.13.10>.

70. MascarenhasSouzJorg:1996:EAT
Mascarenhas, N. D. A.; Souza, V. F. d.; Junior, A. M. J.  Experimentos com a aplicação de técnicas de morfologia matemática na análise de imagens de ciência dos materiais.  In: Anais do XXIII Seminario Integrado de Software e Hardware (XXIII SEMISH), 1996.

71. MoreiraViei:1996:ISP
Moreira, J.; Vieira, F. E.  Image segmentation for people extraction using mathematical morphology.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.14.15.15>.

72. MoreiraViei:1996:UFM
Moreira, J.; Vieira, F. E.  Uso de ferramentas de morfologia matemática para a segmentação de imagens de população em ambiente restrito fechado.  DC-UFSCar CP 676 13565-905 São Carlos-SP: Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 1996.  URLib repository: <dc.ufscar.br/jander/1996/04.29.10.48>.

73. MucheroniReis:1996:EMH
Mucheroni, M. L.; Junior, R. A. d. R.  Euclidian metrics in hyphae using Mathematical Morphology.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.14.09.55>.

74. MucheroniReis:1995:MCF
Mucheroni, M. L.; Junior, R. A. R.  Medidas em culturas de fungos com uso de operadores morfologicos.  In: Anais do Sibgrapi'95, 1995.  Rua Pio XI, 1500; CEP 05468-901 São Paulo: FAPESP, p. 289-290.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/04.18.15.56>.

75. Nauffal:1996:AQA
Nauffal, S. R.  Análise de qualidade de água: uma abordagem por granulometria.  Avenida Sete de Setembro, 3165; 80230-901, Curitiba, Pr; Brasil.  Masters Thesis - Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Paraná, 1996.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1998/01.06.13.46>.

76. NauffalFacoBort:1996:WQA
Nauffal, S. R.; Facon, J.; Bortolozzi, F.  Water Quality Analysis: A Regional Morphological Approach by Granulometric Segmentation in Microscopic Alga Images.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.07.15.02>.

77. Braga_Neto:1996:AAS
Neto, U. d. M. B.  Adaptive-neighborhood Alternating Sequential Filters.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/12.15.09.07>.

78. Braga_NetoLotu:1995:MMT
Neto, U. M. B.; Lotufo, R. A.  Mathematical morphology tools for 3-D image analysis of porous media.  In: Neural, Morphological, and Stochastics Methods in Image and Signal Processing, 1995.  URLib repository: <dca.fee.unicamp.br/lotufo/1996/04.19.08.10>.

79. Braga_NetoSiquSilv:1996:MCD
Neto, U. M. B.; Siqueira, W. A.; Silva, A. F. D.  Mammographic Calcification Detection by Mathematical Morphology Methods.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/12.15.14.51>.

80. Oliveira:1996:DSE
Oliveira, I. R. d.  Decomposition of Structuring Elements.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/12.15.08.17>.

81. Oliveira:1996:UGA
Oliveira, J. R. d. F.  Using Genetic Algorithms in Image Classification.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/joao/1996/02.09.16.24>.

82. Oliveira:1997:UAG
Oliveira, J. R. d. F.  O uso de algoritmos genéticos na decomposição de operadores invariantes em translação.  1997.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1998/01.09.12.31>.

83. Pessoa:1996:CD
Pessoa, M. A. C.  Compression as a dilation: a KHOROS 1.05 vroutine.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/pessoa/1996/03.26.16.09>.

84. Pessoa:1996:CE
Pessoa, M. A. C.  Compression as an erosion: a KHOROS 1.05 vroutine.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/pessoa/1996/03.26.16.10>.

85. Salas:1996:ACS
Salas, G. P.  Algorithms for the computation of the set operations on closed intervals.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/05.20.15.06>.

86. Salas:1996:OCI
Salas, G. P.  Operacoes sobre colecoes de intervalos e suas aplicacoes a programacao automatica de maquinas morfologicas.  Masters Thesis - Departamento de Ciencia da Computacao Instituto de Matematica e Estatistica da USP, 1996.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.04.20.19>.

87. Santos:1996:PAM
Santos, A. C. d.  Potential Application of Mathematical Morphology Tools in Placentary Pathology.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.08.12.36>.

88. SantosSant:1996:CBK
Santos, A. C. d.; Santos, J. B. d.  Conditional binarization: a KHOROS 2.0 vroutine.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1997/10.03.13.10>.

89. CorreaBarrTera:1996:SCL
Silva, F. S. C. d.; Barrera, J.; Terada, R.  On the Sample Complexity of PAC-Learning Techniques Applied to Optical Character Recognition.  In: Conferencia Brasileira de IA '96 (SBIA), 1996.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.03.19.40>.

90. TaquemasaLotu:1996:ADT
Taquemasa, T.; Lotufo, R.  Análise de Desempenho da Toolbox MMachLib.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <dca.fee.unicamp.br/lotufo/1996/04.19.16.53>.

91. TatibanaLotu:1997:NAP
Tatibana, M.; Lotufo, R.  Novel Automatic PCB Inspection Technique Based on Connectivity.  In: SIBGRAPI'97 - X Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Gráfica e Processamento de Imagens, IEEE Proceedings, 1997.  URLib repository: <dca.fee.unicamp.br/lotufo/1997/09.15.22.16>.

92. Tomita:1996:LPC
Tomita, N. S.  Large Printed Character Recognition by PAC Learning.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1995/12.15.17.37>.

93. Tomita:1996:PAM
Tomita, N. S.  Programacao Automatica de Maquinas Morfologicas Binarias baseada em aprendizado PAC.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.03.19.17>.

94. Tomita:1996:PAM
Tomita, N. S.  Programação Automática de Máquinas Morfológicas Binárias baseada em aprendizado PAC.  Masters Thesis - Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, 1996.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.03.19.01>.

95. TomitaBarr:1996:PAM
Tomita, N. S.; Barrera, J.  Programação Automática de Máquinas Morfologicas Binárias baseada em aprendizado PAC.  In: XXIII Seminário Integrado de Software e Hardware, 1996.  Recife, Pernambuco: p. 517-526.

96. Weber:1997:APC
Weber, A.  Avaliação da proliferação celular baseada em PCNA-Ciclina por análise morfológica aplicada a linfomas malignos não-Hodgkin.  Avenida Sete de Setembro, 3165; 80230-901, Curitiba, Pr; Brasil.  Masters Thesis - Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Paraná, 1997.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1998/01.06.12.21>.

97. WeberFaco:1997:CMA
Weber, A.; Facon, J.  Citology by morphological analysis applied to malignant non-Hodgkins lymphomas.  In: Brazilian Workshop'97 on Mathematical Morphology, 1997.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/12.04.18.51>.

98. Zampirolli:1996:MOB
Zampirolli, F. d. A.  Morphological operators based on neighborhood graph: An extension of the MMach toolbox.  In: Brazilian Workshop'96 on Mathematical Morphology, 1996.  CP 515, CEP 12201-970 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais.  URLib repository: <dpi.inpe.br/banon/1996/02.08.16.44>.

99. Zampirolli:1996:OMB
Zampirolli, F. d. A.  Operadores morfológicos baseados em grafos de vizinhanças - Uma extensão da MMach Toolbox.  1996.  Personal Communication.  URLib repository: <ime.usp.br/jb/1996/04.19.16.45>.

100. Zampirolli:1997:OMB
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